4340 VAR AMS 6414 is a low alloy Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum steel capable of being heat treated to high strength levels. This specification is for a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock. Service Steel Aerospace stocks Premium Aircraft Quality produced double melted in an Electric Furnace, followed by VAR, or Vacuum Arc Remelt (also known as CEVM, or Consumable Electrode Vacuum Arc Remelting). This results in a much cleaner steel meeting the magnetic particle test requirements of AMS-2300. It is a steel of the highest quality with excellent transverse ductility and toughness at high strength levels. It has good shock and impact resistance as well as wear and abrasion resistance in the hardened condition. Standard Aircraft Quality air-melted AMS 6414 Air Melt material is available on request. 4340 ESR, or Electroslag Remelted material is also available on request.
Service Steel Aerospace is one of the largest distributors / suppliers of 4340 Alloy Steel available in several forms including round bar, flat bar, and square bar as well as block, and billet. See below for product size ranges stocked.
4340 alloy steel applications:
4340 has been used typically for parts requiring a through-hardening capability up to 3.5 inches (89 mm) in nominal thickness at time of heat treatment and subject to rigid magnetic particle inspection standards, but usage is not limited to such applications. Premium Aircraft Quality is intended for use in the manufacturing of highly stressed parts at higher strength levels, such as 260/280,000 psi and where a much cleaner steel is desired.
Common Trade Names:
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- Lescalloy 4340 Vac-Arc
- European Designation 36CrNiMo4
- 4340 Chrome-Nickel-Molybdenum Steel
- SAE 4340
- AISI 4340
- 4340 CEVM
- 4340 ESR
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4340 VAR AMS 6414 Stocked Sizes:
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- Rounds: 39 sizes 0.500” through 10.00” diameter
- Flats & Blocks: 12" x 23" block to cut-to-size
- Custom thicknesses & widths available saw-cut
- Billets: 7” and 14" billet for conversion to special sizes
Note: Stocked as Normalized and Tempered
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4340 Air Melt AMS 6415 Stocked Sizes:
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- Rounds: 35 sizes 0.500” through 8.500” diameter
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4340 VAR AMS 6414 Common Specifications:
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- AMS 6414 VAR (CEVM)
- AMS 6414 ESR
- AMS 6415 (Air Melt)
- AMS 6409
- MIL-S-5000, AMS-S-5000 (Both are cancelled and superseded by AMS 6415)
- MIL-S-8844
- 299-947-055 Bell Helicopter
- SS 9702 Sikorsky
- DMS 1555 Boeing (Previously McDonnell Douglas)
- HMS 6-1121 (for 4340 ESR Only)
- BPS 4807 (for 4340 ESR Only)
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Common OEM Approvals:
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- Bell Helicopter
- Boeing
- Bombardier
- Pratt Whitney LCS
- Sikorsky
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Physical Properties:
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- Density: 0.2836 #/in3
- Grain Size 5 or finer
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Chemical Composition:
| Symbol | Element | Min % | Max % |
C | Carbon | 0.38% | 0.43% |
Mn | Manganese | 0.65% | 0.90% |
Si | Silicon | 0.15% | 0.35% |
P | Phosphorus | | 0.01% |
S | Sulfur | | 0.01% |
Cr | Chromium | 0.70% | 0.90% |
Ni | Nickel | 1.65% | 2.00% |
Mo | Molybdenum | 0.20% | 0.30% |
Cu | Copper | | 0.35% |
Macrostructure limits:
| Class | Condition | Severity |
1 | Freckles | A |
2 | White Spots | A |
3 | Radial Segregation | B |
4 | Ring Pattern | B |
Hardenability Requirements:
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- Jominy: J 12/16 inch: 53 RC Hardness min
- Jominy: J 20/16 inch: 32 RC Hardness min
For Material Normalized 1600° F (871° C) with Test Specimen Austenitized 1550° F (843° C)
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Heat Treatment:
| Type | Process |
Normalize | 1600° - 1700° F (871° – 927° C), then air cool |
Auestenitize | 1475° – 1575° F (802° – 857° C), then quench in oil |
Temper | 400° – 1200° F (204° – 649° C) depending on desired strength. For Ultimate Tensile Strength above 260ksi, temper between 400° – 500° F (204° – 260° C) |
Tempering Data:
| Temperature | Hardness (approx) |
400° F (204° C) | 52 HRC |
500° F (260° C) | 49 HRC |
600° F (316° C) | 47 HRC |
700° F (371° C) | 45 HRC |
800° F (427° C) | 41 HRC |
900° F (482° C) | 38 HRC |
1000° F (538° C) | 35 HRC |
1100° F (593° C) | 30 HRC |
1200° F (649° C) | 25 HRC |
After Austenitized 1550° F (843° C), quenched in oil, Twice-tempered (2 hours each)
Fabrication:
| Forging | Forge between 1950° – 2250° (1066° – 1232° C). Preheating or furnace cooling in ash or lime is recommended |
Machinability | Normalize, then temper at approx. 1200° F (649° C) for optimum condition for machining |
Welding | Can be welded by gas or arc fusion methods. Alloy is capable of air hardening, and should be either Annealed or Normalized and Tempered after welding |
Minimum Longitudinal Tensile Properties:
| Property | Value |
Tensile Strength | 260 ksi |
Yield Strength 0.2% offset | 217 ksi |
Elongation | 10% |
Reduction of Area | 30% |
After heat treating specimens per paragraph 3.4.6
4340 VAR: AS9100 Mill Producers
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- Dunkirk Specialty Steel, a Universal Stainless company
- Electralloy a G.O. Carlson Inc. Co
- Gloria Material Technology Corp.
- Carpenter Technology Corp. Latrobe Specialty Metals
- Liberty Speciality Steels Ltd
- Universal Stainless & Alloy Products
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Mechanical Properties:
| Bar Size | Temperature * |
Tensile Strength | Yield Strength |
Elongation in 2" | Reduction of Area |
| 3.5" Dia. | 400° F (204° C) | 276 ksi | 222 ksi | 11.0% | 35.0% |
| 7.5" Dia. | 500° F (260° C) | 265 ksi | 222 ksi | 8% | 25.0% |
| 10.5" Dia. | 1100° F (593° C) | 165 ksi | 150 ksi | 18% | 60.0% |
* After Normalized 1650°/1700° F, Austenized 1500°/1525° F, Oil quenched
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